In my work as a hospice and palliative medicine physician, I've had
occasion to teach some younger colleagues -- medical students and residents --
a few things about how to talk with patients and families. To us insiders, the
medical world -- beeping alarms, the whooshing of a ventilator, endless tests
-- feels perfectly normal. But to our patients and their loved ones, what we
take for granted can be terrifying. Add to that the high income of many
doctors and our natural tendency as people to be around others of similar
social class. This creates a gap, I've always told my students, between
physicians and patients. Not that doctors should pretend to be other than they
are, but I've found it's always a good idea to look for a way to reduce the social
distance. This breaks the ice and, I've found, makes it easier for patients and families to hear the message. I always comment, for example, when someone in the room is wearing
the baseball cap of my favorite team or when their accent is from the part of
the country I grew up in. With my Spanish-speaking patients, one way I reduce
the social distance is by making fun of my own inability to speak their
language. "Mi español es muy mal," I tell them -- my
Spanish is very bad. They usually laugh -- because my Spanish is very bad -- and we go on with the help of an interpreter.
Recently our team met Nina, her husband Juan, and many members of her extended family -- most of whom only spoke Spanish. Nina was on dialysis and had terrible heart disease. They'd never discussed her preferences in the event she became very sick. Nina was found down in her home, unconscious and without a pulse. The family called 911, the paramedics got her heart going again, and our team met her in the ICU a couple of days after admission. She was on a ventilator, needing pressors -- drugs that maintain a blood pressure -- and not waking up. Nor would she ever wake up, the neurologist said.
Over the course of several days, my team and I talked with Juan and other members of his family. Because mi español es muy mal, an interpreter helped us. Juan and his father, always in attendance at the bedside, kept changing the baseball teams whose caps they wore. So our conversations usually started in a light-hearted way about the playoffs and the World Series, and then moved on to Nina's condition. We used our time to teach Juan about the trade-offs in using pressors, the unique sensitivity of the brain to oxygen deprivation, and other medical facts. We'd judged that the family would need some time to get used to the idea that Nina was not coming back.
There was one more EEG done at the family's request, which showed the same result. So it was time for the final family meeting. Juan and other family members were there, as were my team, a Spanish interpreter, and the ICU folks who'd been caring for Nina. The ICU doctor summarized the situation and answered questions from the family. But there was reluctance, understandably, to withdraw the ventilator and allow Nina to complete the dying process that had begun when she collapsed at home. I thought I'd reduced the social distance enough with Juan to try a more personal approach:
Over the course of several days, my team and I talked with Juan and other members of his family. Because mi español es muy mal, an interpreter helped us. Juan and his father, always in attendance at the bedside, kept changing the baseball teams whose caps they wore. So our conversations usually started in a light-hearted way about the playoffs and the World Series, and then moved on to Nina's condition. We used our time to teach Juan about the trade-offs in using pressors, the unique sensitivity of the brain to oxygen deprivation, and other medical facts. We'd judged that the family would need some time to get used to the idea that Nina was not coming back.
There was one more EEG done at the family's request, which showed the same result. So it was time for the final family meeting. Juan and other family members were there, as were my team, a Spanish interpreter, and the ICU folks who'd been caring for Nina. The ICU doctor summarized the situation and answered questions from the family. But there was reluctance, understandably, to withdraw the ventilator and allow Nina to complete the dying process that had begun when she collapsed at home. I thought I'd reduced the social distance enough with Juan to try a more personal approach:
"Ud. sabe que mi español es muy mal. You know that my Spanish is very bad." Juan smiled. "Pero quiero decir
algo. But I want to say something." Gesturing to the medical team and then to Juan and his extended family, I said, "Tenemos mucho dolor en nuestros corazones para ustedes. We all have much pain in our hearts for all of you." And then I held up my left hand so he could see my wedding ring. "Yo soy un esposo.
Ud. es un esposo. I am a husband," I said. "You are a husband. Ahora es el momento de decir adiós. Now is the time to say good-bye."
There were tears, as there always are, and a short discussion among the family members in Spanish. Juan looked at me and nodded in agreement. The chaplain was called, and -- using a protocol that ensures the absence of air hunger or sense of suffocation -- we withdrew the ventilator. Nina was pronounced dead within the hour.
As I write this post, there is still news about the conflict between the parents of a brain-dead child and a hospital in California. I don't know any details that haven't been reported, but I wonder if some of the disagreement might have arisen because of the social gap between the health care team and the family. Letting go is hard, but it has to be a little easier if you feel the doctors and nurses and others understand you -- in other words, if the social distance has been reduced. Easier is better, it seems to me, because for every one of us there is a time to say good-bye.
There were tears, as there always are, and a short discussion among the family members in Spanish. Juan looked at me and nodded in agreement. The chaplain was called, and -- using a protocol that ensures the absence of air hunger or sense of suffocation -- we withdrew the ventilator. Nina was pronounced dead within the hour.
As I write this post, there is still news about the conflict between the parents of a brain-dead child and a hospital in California. I don't know any details that haven't been reported, but I wonder if some of the disagreement might have arisen because of the social gap between the health care team and the family. Letting go is hard, but it has to be a little easier if you feel the doctors and nurses and others understand you -- in other words, if the social distance has been reduced. Easier is better, it seems to me, because for every one of us there is a time to say good-bye.
